Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
Sciatica is a common condition that causes pain travelling from the lower back down through the buttock and into the leg. The discomfort can range from mild irritation to severe nerve pain that interferes with everyday activities.
Understanding what sciatica is, what causes it, and how it can be treated can help you recognise symptoms early and seek appropriate care.
If you are experiencing persistent leg pain or nerve symptoms, professional assessment may help identify the underlying cause.
What Is Sciatica?
Sciatica refers to irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in the human body. This nerve begins in the lower spine and travels through the pelvis, buttocks and down each leg.
When the nerve becomes irritated or compressed, it can cause symptoms including:
- Pain in the lower back
- Pain radiating into the buttock or leg
- Tingling or pins and needles
- Numbness
- Muscle weakness in the leg
According to the National Health Service, sciatica most commonly occurs when a spinal disc presses on the nerve.
You can also learn more about treatment options on our Sciatica Treatment page.
Common Causes of Sciatica
Sciatica is usually caused by pressure or irritation affecting the sciatic nerve.
Herniated or Bulging Disc
Spinal discs act as cushions between the vertebrae. If a disc bulges or ruptures, it may press against the sciatic nerve and trigger symptoms.
This is one of the most common causes of sciatica.
Spinal Joint Dysfunction
Restricted movement in spinal joints may contribute to irritation of nearby nerves.
Reduced joint mobility in the lower back can place additional stress on surrounding tissues.
Degenerative Changes in the Spine
As we age, natural wear and tear may affect the spinal discs and joints.
These changes can sometimes narrow the spaces where nerves travel, increasing the likelihood of nerve irritation.
Muscle Tension
Tight muscles in the buttocks or hips can also affect the sciatic nerve.
The piriformis muscle, located deep in the buttock, may occasionally compress the nerve and produce symptoms similar to sciatica.
Typical Symptoms of Sciatica
Sciatica symptoms usually affect one side of the body.
Common symptoms include:
- Pain travelling from the lower back into the leg
- Burning or shooting pain
- Tingling or pins and needles
- Numbness in the leg or foot
- Weakness in the affected leg
Many people find that the pain becomes worse when sitting for long periods or when coughing or sneezing.
How Is Sciatica Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a clinical assessment that may include:
- reviewing symptoms
- assessing spinal movement
- checking nerve function
- testing muscle strength and reflexes
In some cases, imaging such as MRI scans may be recommended if symptoms are severe or persistent.
Treatment Options for Sciatica
Many cases of sciatica improve with conservative care and appropriate management.
Treatment may include:
- maintaining gentle movement
- stretching and rehabilitation exercises
- manual therapy
- improving posture and ergonomics
Chiropractic care focuses on improving joint movement, reducing muscle tension and supporting spinal function.
The British Chiropractic Association notes that manual therapies can help manage musculoskeletal conditions affecting the spine.
To learn more about how this condition is managed, visit our Sciatica Treatment page.
When Should You Seek Professional Advice?
You should consider seeking professional assessment if:
- pain persists for several weeks
- symptoms are getting worse
- pain spreads further down the leg
- numbness or weakness develops
Early assessment can help identify the cause of symptoms and guide appropriate treatment.
Book an Appointment
If you are experiencing symptoms of sciatica, booking an appointment or contact Duston Chiropractors for a professional assessment may help determine the cause and appropriate treatment .